The valuation of securities is based on their par value, which is the sum of the nominal amount owed plus accrued interest, calculated according to the coupon rate. For short-term securities like promissory notes, where there's only one payment at maturity without a distinction between interest and principal, they're valued solely based on the nominal amount.

The sectors of issuers and holders of securities adhere to the guidelines and sector groupings outlined in the System of National Accounts (SNA 2008). An institutional sector encompasses various institutional units, which are economic entities with the capacity to own assets, incur liabilities, and engage in economic activities and transactions.

A. Fixed Income Instruments (FII) or long-term debt instruments. FIIs represent medium and long-term obligations between issuers and holders. Their maturity exceeds 365 days, and they pay interest based on a fixed rate.

B. Money market instruments or Financial Intermediation (IIF). Money market instruments mature within 365 days, with the issuer committing to pay the total debt and generated interest. They are often used for short-term financial management or as monetary regulation tools by central banks. Most are traded at a discount because payment is due only at maturity. Examples include Central Bank promissory notes, term deposit certificates, and trade bills.